High, bright indirect light is necessary for new growth to mature properly and for plants to flower. Failure to flower often indicates there is insufficient light. Orchids are divided into three groups based on their light needs; low (an east facing window); medium (a well lit east or south shaded facing window); and high ( a south facing window). Always remember a mini-blind, shade, overhang on your house, the neighbors shade tree, even sheers on your windows can reduce light amount. It is important to take all these things into consideration when selecting the site for your orchid.

Many orchids like to have their roots and the growing media dry slightly between watering. Water orchids thoroughly when media is about 50% dry. Orchids mounted on pieces of tree fern, cork or other supports can be taken to the sink and water poured over the roots and plaque until thoroughly saturated.

Most orchids require at least 50% humidity. To achieve this place plants on a tray filled with pebbles and water. Misting is also a good way to provide humidity. Grouping plants together is another excellent source for humidity, just be careful not to crowd them. Orchids are usually repotted, and divided if desired, at least every three years. Repotting becomes necessary when the plant has become so big that its bulbs are beginning to grow over the edge of the pot, or the potting media has begun to deteriorate. A few roots extending over the edge of the pot is natural for most orchids and does not in itself indicate a need for repotting. The best time to repot most orchids is after blooming when new growth appears or green root tips appear on older roots.

It is very important to fertilize with a mix specially formulated for orchids. Regular fertilizers do not contain micronutrients, which are essential for optimum performance and growth. Fertilize according to each varieties specific need, and follow specific instructions given with the type of fertilizer you choose. Applying a blossom-booster formula prior to flowering is also beneficial.

PHALAENOPSIS: (Fah-lay-nop-sis) With the longest lasting bloom these may soon be America’s favorite houseplant. Also known as the moth orchid they provide lavish sprays of pink, white, yellow, red, spotted and striped flowers that can remain fresh for weeks. Phalaenopsis thrive in conditions prescribed for African violets, an east or shaded south location. They prefer daytime temperatures around 70-85ºF, and nights of around 60ºF. Water regularly to keep the media moist and provide ample doses of fertilizer in the spring and autumn. Switching to a bloom booster fertilizer, coupled with cooler nights, induces plants to set buds and flower. It is very important to keep water out of the center of the leaves to prevent rot.

DENDROBIUM: (Den-droh-bee-um) A dazzling array of shapes and sizes awaits those who explore this genus of orchids featuring more than 1000 species and hundreds of hybrids. Dendrobiums bear a profusion of purple, white, pink and red flowers that last for weeks. They may also be used as cut flowers but only last a few days in water. Allow the media to dry slightly between watering and mist to promote healthy foliage.  Apply fertilizer when new offshoots are developing, usually in spring or summer. Be careful of temperatures below 40ºF, this will cause leaf drop.

ONCIDIUM: (On-sid-ee-um) The common name Dancing-Lady aptly describes these epiphytes (air plants). Hybridizers have transformed the typically yellow flowers into a spectrum of hues ranging from white to pink to orange to red. These rugged orchids thrive in bright light; almost full sun. South, east or west facing windows are the best location. Provide day temperatures of 70-85ºF and nights of around 60ºF. Fertilize twice monthly during fall and winter. Those with thick, leathery leaves require less watering than those with thin leaves. Adjust your water schedule accordingly. The related cool-growing hybrids require less strong long and prefer night temperatures of around 55ºF.

CYMBIDIUM: (Sim-bid-e-um) Long lasting flowers grow on erect spikes usually from December to May. Some varieties bloom in the summer or winter. Cymbidiums require bright light and temperatures between 65-85ºF during the day and 45-60ºF at night. Water and fertilize on a routine basis. Application of a bloom booster when buds appear may enhance length of flowering.

VANDA: These striking beauties thrive in sunny environments; they love a south or east facing window. New hybrids often bloom several times annually. It is natural for the lanky roots to dangle outside of the container, which is often a wooden slat basket. When the plants are growing, water regularly. This may be daily in high heat conditions. Mist roots and plants to maintain high humidity, but do not let water sit on the leaves during the night. Days of 75-95ºF are ideal. Avoid high temperatures below 55ºF, as this will cause leaves to drop. Fertilize with an orchid fertilizer bi-weekly for robust growth and lots of flowers.

CATTLEYA: (Cat-lay-ah) For many, cattleyas are considered the classic orchid. Their irresistible colors, shapes and fragrances woo many to raise these beautiful plants. Windowsills with a west or shaded south exposure are best. Insufficient light can prevent cattleyas from flowering. Cattleyas typically bloom in spring or autumn; then they form new leaves. During this time, water when the media begins to dry and fertilize monthly the remainder of the year. Cattleyas prefer 70-80ºF days and nights of around 60-65ºF.